In each issue of our Johns Hopkins Memory Bulletin, leading neurologists answer readers' questions about Alzheimer's disease, memory, and dementia. Here are two recent examples. More...
In this article from our Johns Hopkins Memory Bulletin, Dr. Peter V. Rabins and colleagues explain how the brain's memory systems are affected in Alzheimer's and other memory-stealing conditions. More...
What kinds of behaviors should you expect from a loved one who has just been diagnosed with early-stage Alzheimer's disease? Johns Hopkins discusses 10 common symptoms of early Alzheimer's.
Alzheimer's disease is progressive, meaning it worsens over time. It is also terminal, meaning all who develop it will eventually succumb to it. As Alzheimer's rides its course, it renders those who suffer from it increasingly dependent on the care of others. This is true for all… More...
How can you tell if a friend or family member is beginning to exhibit signs of early dementia – or merely age-appropriate forgetfulness? In this health alert, Johns Hopkins provides six red-flag symptoms of early dementia.
Dementia refers to a significant intellectual decline that persists over time and affects several areas of cognition. Memory loss is a universal feature of dementia, but other functions are impaired as well, such as abstract thinking and language. … More...
In this excerpt from the Johns Hopkins Memory Bulletin, Dr. Peter V. Rabins provides readers with his personal formula for walking to preserve memory.
The benefits of exercise for health are not a new discovery: More than two millennia ago, Hippocrates said that when the body is unused and left idle, body parts become susceptible to disease and the body as a whole ages quickly. … More...
Now there's another good reason to reduce the stress in your life: researchers have found that elevated levels of stress hormone are linked to a decline in cognitive function.
Add stress reduction to the list of steps you can take to keep your mind sharp. Johns Hopkins researchers have linked high levels of the stress hormone cortisol with a decline in cognitive performance in older individuals. … More...
Delirium commonly strikes after surgery, when patients are woozy from the lingering effects of anesthesia and pain medication. Johns Hopkins' specialist, Dr. Michele Bellantoni provides practical advice on minimizing in-hospital delirium.
The connection between delirium and dementia is still not fully understood, although doctors have known for quite some time that people who experience an episode of delirium and recover are more likely to go on to develop dementia. … More...
The connection between delirium and dementia is still not fully understood, although doctors have known for quite some time that people who experience an episode of delirium and recover are more likely to go on to develop dementia. In this Health Alert, Dr. Michele Bellantoni talks about the signs of hospital delirium. … More...
Alzheimer's Question 1 – Where can I get the best medical evaluation for my wife?
Q. My wife's doctor thinks she may have an early form of Alzheimer's disease. It's been a week since he gave us that devastating news, but I now feel able to gather my wits and do whatever I can to help get her the best care. We are retired, 78 years old, and able to travel to any center that… More...
Many people admit that this is one of the hardest things they will ever do. That's how I once described the distress and despair that caregivers of dementia patients confront when they begin to ask themselves -- Has the time come to move my loved one into a residential care facility? In this excerpt from the Memory Bulletin, acclaimed Johns Hopkins professor Peter V. Rabins, M.D. discusses a caregiver's most difficult decision. More...
Are you mellowing as you get older? A recent study shows that while memory function may decline as we age, our emotional stability actually increases.
The brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons. A common misconception is that tens of thousands of neurons in the brain die each day. In reality, few neurons die over a person's lifetime, but they do shrink. This shrinkage may partially explain why mental functioning slows in middle and older age. … More...
In recent studies, researchers have identified chemical changes that occur in Alzheimer's disease, opening the door to a possible skin test to diagnose Alzheimer's in the not too distant future.
Although only an autopsy can prove the presence of Alzheimer's disease, the clinical diagnosis is usually accurate. The current approach to establishing the cause of memory loss involves ruling out some potential causes and finding evidence to confirm the presence of others. Once other conditions, such… More...
Serving as the primary caregiver to someone with Alzheimer's disease can take a heavy toll and lead to burnout. In this Q & A from a recent issue of the Johns Hopkins Memory Bulletin, Dr. Peter V. Rabins gives advice to a worried wife.
Question. My husband was diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer's disease when he was 59; he is now 65. He had been doing really well and I've been able to keep him home. However,… More...
Dr. Peter V. Rabins and his team of psychiatrists and neurologists at Johns Hopkins answer questions about common behaviors of patients with dementia.
Question. My husband (82 years old) was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s eight months ago. He has now reached the stage where he asks the same question repeatedly, sometimes for several hours. I try to be patient and give him a real response to the same query, but it has gotten to the point where I can say just about anything and it really makes no difference what I say. Is there any “proper” way I should handle this behavior, or is there a medication that may reduce this type of behavior? More...
In this excerpt from an article in the Spring 2007 Memory Bulletin, Dr. Peter V. Rabins, Co-Director of the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry at The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine shares questions from his patients about Alzheimer’s disease medications. More...
Johns Hopkins researchers discover a new mechanism for memory storage in the brain, according to a recent Johns Hopkins Medicine Press Release. Our experiences -- the things we see, hear, or do -- can trigger long-term changes in the strength of the connections between nerve cells in our brain, and these persistent changes are how the brain encodes information as memory. As reported in Neuron, Johns Hopkins researchers have discovered a new biochemical mechanism for memory storage, one that may have a connection with addictive behavior.
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Peter Rabins, M.D., Director of the Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry at Johns Hopkins offers advice to families caring for a loved one with dementia.
Agitation is common in people with dementia -- it occurs roughly 50% of the time, more often in the middle or later stages of the disease. In fact, managing agitation and other behavior problems account for roughly 30% of all the money spent on treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. … More...
Occasional memory lapses, such as forgetting why you walked into a room or having difficulty recalling a person’s name, become more common as we approach our 50s and 60s. It’s comforting to know that this minor forgetfulness is a normal sign of aging, not a sign of dementia. More...
The brain guards its secrets well. Encased in the skull and protected by the blood-brain barrier (a membrane that filters out many substances), it resists some of the scanning techniques that have illuminated the heart and other organs. But recent advances in brain imaging are now offering scientists remarkable new views of the brain. More...
People with dementia often exhibit behaviors that are frustrating, embarrassing, and sometimes even dangerous to the caregiver and others. These may include angry outbursts, agitation, aggression, wandering, vocalizations, hoarding or hiding things, and inappropriate sexual behavior. For many caregivers, these difficult behaviors are the most challenging and exhausting aspect of caring for a person with dementia. Unfortunately, the available medications to treat Alzheimer’s disease have little effect on behavioral problems. More...
Recent data from Scandinavian researchers suggest a way to predict dementia risk by looking at the synergistic effect of multiple risk factors.
An increasing amount of research is being directed at finding ways to prevent dementia. But even a treatment that simply delays the onset of dementia would represent an important step forward. Potential strategies for preventing or delaying dementia focus heavily on reducing cardiovascular risk factors but include other brain-protective lifestyle measures as well. The… More...
With an illness such as Alzheimer’s, the most neglected person in the family is often the caregiver. Studies report that 46% of all caregivers are depressed, experience anger, frustration, and helplessness.
The long-term care provided by family members to people with Alzheimer’s disease is a central component of our health care system. At present, about 4.5 million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease, with the number expected to range between 11 and 16 million by 2050. Dementia is… More...
Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are the structural hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Although plaques and tangles can be seen only at autopsy, they must be present to make a definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s. It remains unclear whether these abnormal brain deposits are the cause of Alzheimer’s or simply a byproduct of some other causative agent, but researchers now have a better understanding of how plaques and tangles are formed in Alzheimer's disease. More...
Patients with VVAD experience visual comprehension problems, which can’t be fixed with glasses or surgery.
Where are those darn car keys? Why can’t I remember her name? Fears of Alzheimer’s disease have us all second-guessing even the most routine of memory lapses. Indeed, impaired memory is one of the classic early signs of Alzheimer’s disease. … More...
Researchers at Yale and at Johns Hopkins, led by Barry Gordon, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of Therapeutic Cognitive Neuroscience at Johns Hopkins, have found that a simple blood test to measure uric acid, a measure of kidney function, might reveal a risk factor for cognitive problems and dementia in old age. Of 96 adults age 60 to 92 years, those with uric-acid levels at the high end of the normal range had the lowest scores on tests of mental processing speed, verbal memory, and working memory. More...
Dementia with Lewy bodies accounts for 15% to 20% of cases of dementia. Researchers are uncertain whether it is a type of Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease or, in fact, a separate condition. Regardless, proper diagnosis and treatment can help relieve symptoms and slow cognitive loss. Lewy bodies – names form Frederick Lewy, the physician who first identified them in 1912 while working in the laboratory of Dr. Alois Alzheimer -- are tiny spherical deposits of a protein called alpha-synuclean that are found in the brains of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies. More...
Some people with Alzheimer’s disease experience a worsening of agitation and confusion in the afternoon and early evening. Here are some practical strategies you can try.
Becoming agitated in the late afternoon or early evening is a common phenomenon among people with Alzheimer’s disease. In fact, a special word -- “sundowning” -- is used to describe this behavior. Sundowning can take the form of behaviors not seen during other times of day, or it may… More...
Genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease becomes “less risky” over time.
Having a parent or sibling with Alzheimer’s disease becomes less predictive of developing dementia with age and with the age of Alzheimer’s onset in the affected relative, according to a new study reported in the Archives of General Psychiatry (May 2005). Researchers have known that having a relative who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease at a younger age (before age 65) is a significant risk factor.… More...
While there is still no cure for Alzheimer’s disease, early diagnosis offers many benefits. Johns Hopkins doctors review the current diagnostic tools available for dementia and Alzheimer’s disease.
If you’re worried about Alzheimer’s disease, the first step is to talk to your primary care physician about any symptoms you’ve been experiencing. Because diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease is primarily a process of elimination, your medical history and any recent health changes you’ve noticed might point to an explanation… More...
Johns Hopkins doctors explain how cultural attitudes and failure to pay attention may contribute to age-related memory loss.
The brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons (nerve cells). A common misconception is that tens of thousands of neurons die each day. In reality, few neurons die over a person’s lifetime, but they do shrink. This shrinkage may partially explain why mental functioning slows in middle and older age. Serious memory loss does occur when whole clusters… More...
Can Ginkgo Biloba help preserve my mother’s memory? Did I inherit the “Alzheimer’s” gene from my grandfather? Dr. Peter. V. Rabins, professor of psychiatry at Johns Hopkins, provides the answers. More...
Peter V. Rabins, M.D., M.P.H, Codirector of the Division of Geriatric and Neuropsychiatry at Johns Hopkins, offers advice on this difficult decision.
Most Americans expect that their doctor will inform them of all medical findings and that they will be able to make their own decisions about their health care. Alzheimer's disease, however, presents two unique problems. First, many patients are unaware that they have a memory problem and, even when informed, are not able to… More...
But is testosterone replacement therapy the answer?
Low testosterone levels may make men vulnerable to developing Alzheimer’s disease, a long-term study in the journal Neurology (January 27, 2004) suggests. Researchers found that, in a group of U.S. men followed for decades, those with low blood levels of free testosterone had an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Free testosterone is a form of the hormone that is not bound to a protein in the blood and… More...
In geriatric clinics, the most common cause of reversible dementia including memory loss is an adverse reaction to medications.
Although older adults make up only 12% of the population, they receive about 30% of all prescriptions written in the United States. Unfortunately, as people age, natural changes within the body make adverse effects, such as memory loss, more likely from medication: The kidneys may not remove drugs from the bloodstream as quickly as in younger adults, drug metabolism in the liver may be slowed, and a greater ratio of fat to muscle increases the time it takes to eliminate some drugs from the body. More...
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The Johns Hopkins Memory Bulletin Critical, in-depth information for anyone facing Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, Lewy Body Dementia, vascular dementia, or another memory problem. And for anyone serving as care-giver to a loved one suffering from any of these memory disorders. In each packed quarterly issue, edited by Dr. Peter V. Rabins, you'll learn about the latest scientific breakthroughs, research findings from the world’s foremost medical journals and conferences, medications, care-giver support and relief, plus breakthrough medical discoveries for safeguarding your brain against aging and memory loss. PLUS, subscribe now and you’ll get 4 FREE special reports to download instantly.Read more...
The Johns Hopkins Medical Guide to Health After 50 A comprehensive home medical encyclopedia that gives you a “crash course” on more than 100 major medical concerns of men and women over 50! Organized in an easy-to-use A to Z format, the Medical Guide provides in-depth explanations of the many chronic health problems associated with aging – high blood pressure, stroke, high cholesterol, coronary heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, osteoarthritis, dementia, memory loss, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and gallstones, to name but a few.Read more or order...
Johns Hopkins Symptoms and Remedies This easy-to-use reference book can help you pinpoint the causes of hundreds of disorders, from abdominal pain to skin rash to swollen glands. The book is divided into two distinct sections: symptoms, which includes charts covering a wide range of common symptoms and possible diagnoses, and disorders, which discusses the disorder, its causes, prevention advice, treatment strategies, and other crucial information so you will be able to either treat yourself at home, or know when it's time to call a doctor. Read more or order...
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The Johns Hopkins Consumer Guide to Drugs Contains drug profiles on more than 750 medications–both prescription and over-the-counter, most commonly used by people over 50, all presented in our unique page-at-a-glance format, designed with you in mind, the busy person who wants the most reliable health information available at your fingertips. Your guide also includes an invaluable overview of dietary supplements and how they can interact with certain medications, the dangers of taking your pills with grapefruit juice, and more. Read more...
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